The mixed reality system is under the umbrella of Extended Reality (XR). Other than MR, there are also Virtual Reality (VR), and Augmented Reality (AR).
Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-simulated environment where people can interact with and within the system (Machover & Tice, 1997). (VR) is also a term for anything that seemingly replaces the reality that has been created digitally. The fully immersive VR uses a head-mounted display, a computer to create a 3D virtual environment, and a joystick to control the movement.
Augmented reality (AR) overlays digital elements in the real world that people see. Unlike VR that the user must wear glasses to make the user completely blend or coexist with the real-world environment and immerse into the digital world (Maas & Hughes, 2020). In AR, the user still can see the real world but is augmented with digital elements such as annotation or images.
Mixed reality (MR) is one of the most recent innovations around extended reality. MR takes AR to another level. MR is combining AR and VR to give the next level of experience to the user by physically interacting with digital elements but in the real-world environment (Maas & Hughes, 2020). MR can manipulate the digital images that are overlaid in the real world.
The mixed reality system has shown that the effectiveness of using the MR system is very significant as the usage of MR will stimulate their creativity and show a positive contribution to overall student performance because it can provide better visualization, therefore using MR in education seems one of the solutions to make the vocational education better and reducing the existing gap with the industry (Tang et al., 2020). Learning with technology has shown a significant contribution to student engagement, and better learning engagement leads to better learning effectiveness (Hu & Hui, 2012). Using the MR system has been proven to increase student engagement because of the ability of MR systems with high interaction or interactive features (Christopoulos et al., 2018). Learning engagement is one of the key influencing factors of student interest. Other than learning engagement, there are also other benefits, such as authenticity, social presence, spatial presence, and emotiveness that play crucial factors in student interest (Tenberg, 2015). Although the cost of implementing the MR system in educational institutions is relatively high, the benefit of using the MR system in teaching and learning is incomparable. Based on the systematic literature review, there are lots of benefits because of using the MR system, but the top 5 are (1) better learning engagement, (2) more interaction or interactive, (3) increased motivation, (4) teaching and learning effectiveness, and (5a) better learning outcomes, and (5b) experiential learning.